Europe children's exposure to cyberhate by gender 2019

As of 2019, children in selected countries in Europe who use the internet experienced varying degrees of exposure to online hate. Overall, 61 percent of female respondents in Czech Republic reported that they had seen hateful or degrading messages against people or certain groups of people online, in comparison to only 57 percent of male respondents in Czech Republic. In Poland, 48 percent of boys and 46 percent of girls stated that they had been exposed to cyberhate. In France, 22 percent of male respondents and 20 percent of female respondents said that they had witnessed online behavior of this kind.

Share of children who have been exposed to cyberhate in selected countries in Europe as of April 2019, by gender

Characteristic	Boys	Girls
Czech Republic	57%	61%
Poland	48%	46%
Norway	45%	40%
Romania	35%	40%
Italy	28%	32%
Slovakia	35%	23%
France	22%	20%

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Release date

June 2020

More information

Region

Europe

Survey time period

October 2017 to April 2019

Number of respondents

9,459 respondents

Age group

11 to17 years

Special properties

children who use the internet

Supplementary notes

Original question: In the past 12 months have you ever seen hateful or degrading messages or comments online, against people or certain groups of people

According to the source: "Cyberhate exposure, when people see or hear hateful content online but do not have to be targeted or feel targeted by it."

School-based sample: CZ, FI, PL, RO, VL; Household sample: IT, LT, NO, SK; Online sample: FR.

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